Means for showing from a distance the variations in temperature.



PATENTED MAR. 24, 1908.

J. B! FOURNIER. MEANS FOR SHOWING FROM A DISTANCE THE VARIATIONS INTEMPERATURE.

APPLICATION FILED 111:0. 7, 1905.

UNITED STAQESZnT-ENT OFFICE.

. I JOSEPH BARBE FOURNIER, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

means Eon snowmo FROM A DISTAlVCE THE VARIATIONS IN TEMPERATURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 24, 1998.

Original application filed November 17, 1904, Serial N 0. 233,158.Divided and this application filed December 7, 1905 T 0 all whom it mayconcern:

.Be it known that I, Josurn BARBE FOUR- NIER, a citizen of the Republicof France, residing at Paris, 62 Quai des Orl'cvres, in the Republic ofFrance, engineer, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMeans for Showing from a Distance the V ariations in Temperature, ofwhich the following is a specification, this being a division of theapplication filed by me November 17, 1904, Serial No. 233,158.

This invention relates to improvements in means in showing from adistance the varia tions of temperature; it relates more particularly tomeans which comprise a curved tube or hand-wheel the ends of which moveaway or approach each. other by the effect of the variations in thepressure within the same, the said tube being connected to a tube ofsmall diameter one end of which is closed and which is partly filledwith a liquid which is volatile to a very small extent, while the partnear the closed end contains a very volatile liquid as well as vapors ofthe said liquid. When the medium. in which lies the closed end of thesmall tube undergoes variations of temperature, the tension of the vaporof the volatile liquid increases or decreases, and the liquid which isvolatile to only a small extent transmits to the liquid contained in thecurved tube a greater or less pressure which. causes the tube to expandor contract. This invention has for its purpose 'to use these motions ofthe curved tube to actuate an indicating hand, or some other indicatingmeans.

In the accompanying drawing, which shows two Ways in which my inventionmay be carried out; Figure 1 is'an elevation of an apparatus so fittedas to serve as a wattoscope. Fig. 2 shows a modified form of the sameapparatus combined with a recording cylinder.

, In Fig. l the curved tube a is similar to the usual manometcrs. It maybe elliptic or of any other suitable sha )e in cross section. It is in.the first place filled with some matter dilatable and volatile to thesmallest extent, such as sand, small stones, iron shavings, or the like(L in order to diminish as much as possible its inner capacity.

Serial H0. 290,806.

Into the capacity formed by the tubes at and e there is introducedasuitable liquid f, volatile to the smallest extent possible, mercuryfor instance, so as to entirely fill with the said liquid the tube a anda certain part 1-2 of the small tube 6.

In the unfilled part 23 of the tube c there is introduced a determinedquantity of a suitable volatile liquid g, such as liquefied gas,sulfurous acid, chlorid of methyl, liquid ammoniac, liquid carbonicacid, or the like, and the end 3 of the tube e is hermetically closed.In order to avoid the mixture or the dissolution of the two liquids theone into the other, there may be located in the small :flexible tube e,between the two liquid columns, a small liquid piston, for instance adro of mercury, which prevents the contact '0' the two liquids f and gand which, being given the small cross section of the tube-c, ismaintained in the latter by the capillary forces. The

quantities of the twoliquids must be such that if the system formed bythe tube a and the part l--2, filled with the liquid f which is onlyvolatile to a small extent is immerged in e varies and determines in thecurved tube a,

through the medium'of the liquids 'gand f, corresponding motions ofexpansion and contraction. y g

In the apparatus shown in Fig, l, the end I) of the curved tube a isfixed to a casing or bracket 4, and its free end a is connected to ahand 56, movable on ia'dial-plato 7 through the medium of a lever 8 andof a pinion 9 mounted on the casing Inthc tube 6, which is connected tothe tube a,

there is inclosed a liquid f volatile to a small extent and a volatileliquid g. The said tube carries terminals 10, 11 for the arrival and thedeparture of an electric current.

If an electric current is passed into the tube e,the latter, on accountof its electrical resistance, will become heated and. the rise in itstemperature will be proportional to the intensity of'the current, itwill be the same in that which concerns the motion of the free end 0 ofthe tube a and the motion of the hand 5'6, so that after graduating theapparatus either comparatively or directly, the position of the saidhand will show the power of the current. The apparatus will thenconstitute a wattoscope. y providing the a paratus with a style 12 andrevolving cylin er 13, as shown in Fig. 2, a recording wattoscope willbe obtained.

As the ositions taken by the end 6 of the hand on the diallate 7 (seeFig. 1) or on the cylinder 13 (see ig. 2) are the results of thesuccessive temperatures of the part 2-3 of the tube 6, the apparatus mayalso be used as a thermometer; it may be graduated by comparison with astandard thermometer. In this case, the terminals 10, 11 are useless.This saturated vapor thermometer has over the usual thermometers basedon thedi-latation of a suitably chosen substance, the advantage ofhaving indications absolutely independent of the variations of thecapacity of its covering or casing, since the elastic,

power of a saturated vapor is independent of the volume which itoccupies.

' Claim:

The combination of a curved .tube or manometer, of a movable, flexible,narrow tube, one end of which is connected to the manometer tube ,and'ofwhich the other end is closed, of a not very volatile liquid in themanometer tube and a'large part of the fiexible tube, and of a volatileliquid in a part of the closed end of the tube, the diameter'of theflexible tube being sufliciently small to allow of the capillary forcesmaintaining the liquid columns in the tube in their respectivepositions, irrespective of the movements imparted to the said tube.

Intestimony that I. claim Hie-foregoing as

